C H A P T E R 4
Biology, Surveillance and
Control of Mosquito Vectors
Elton Rogozi*
Vectors’ and Rodent’s Control Unit (VRCU),
Control of Infectious Diseases Department (CIDD),
Institute of Public Health (IPH), Tirana, Albania
* corresponding author, e-mail: [email protected]
CONTENTS
4.1
Introduction on the mosquito biology ......................................
42
4.2
Biology of mosquitos (Culicidae) ..........................................
43
4.3
Life stages of mosquitos ...................................................
43
4.3.1
Eggs stage of mosquitos ...........................................
44
4.3.2
Larval stage of mosquitos ..........................................
45
4.3.3
Pupal stage of mosquitos ..........................................
45
4.3.4
Adults stage of mosquitos .........................................
46
4.4
Mosquitos concerns from the public health
overview ...........
47
4.5
Role of mosquitos in disease transmission .................................
48
4.6
Mosquitos as vector of diseases ............................................
49
4.7
Vectorial capacity and competence of mosquitos ...........................
49
4.8
Pathogens that can be transmitted by mosquitos ............................
49
4.8.1
Parasites ..........................................................
49
4.8.2
Viruses ............................................................
50
4.8.3
Bacteria and other pathogens ......................................
50
4.9
Biting activity of mosquitos ...............................................
50
4.10
Mosquito as nuisance ......................................................
51
4.11
Surveillance and entomological studies of mosquito vector .................
51
4.12
Mosquito surveillance and collection ......................................
52
4.12.1 Light traps ........................................................
52
4.12.1.1
CDC light traps .......................................
53
4.12.2 Human landing catch (collection) ..................................
54
4.12.2.1
Resting catch .........................................
54
4.13
Other techniques used for mosquito collection .............................
55
4.13.1 Adult sampling ....................................................
55
4.13.2 Gravid Trap Box ..................................................
56
4.13.3 The ovitraps .......................................................
56
4.13.4 The Fay Prince trap ................................................
56
4.13.5 Precaution during human landing catch ............................
57
DOI: 10.1201/9781003035992-4
41